From lists of facts to living connections.
What to listen out for: Describing an ecosystem as a list of animals, or mixing up how plants make food with how they release energy from it.
Your learner may cram Natural Sciences vocabulary for a test but struggle when asked how energy moves through a local ecosystem or game reserve. A food web shows connected feeding relationships: a change affecting one population can influence others. Plants also do more than photosynthesise—they carry out cellular respiration, too.
A helpful question: “What might happen to other organisms if there were fewer grasshoppers?” Ask the learner to explain the connections, rather than simply name the organisms.





